The leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILR) are a

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

receptors Receptor may refer to: *Sensory receptor, in physiology, any structure which, on receiving environmental stimuli, produces an informative nerve impulse *Receptor (biochemistry), in biochemistry, a protein molecule that receives and responds to a n ...

possessing extracellular immunoglobulin domains. They are also known as CD85, ILTs and LIR, and can exert immunomodulatory effects on a wide range of immune cells.Damian Brown, Rachel L Allen, & John Trowsdale. The LILR family: modulators of innate and adaptive immune pathways in health and disease. Tissue Antigens (2004) 64:215 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0001-2815.2004.00290.x/pdf The human genes encoding these receptors are found in a

gene cluster A gene family is a set of homologous genes within one organism. A gene cluster is a group of two or more genes found within an organism's DNA that encode similar polypeptides, or proteins, which collectively share a generalized function and are ...

at chromosomal region 19q13.4. They include *

LILRA1 Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor, subfamily A (with TM domain), member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LILRA1'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the M ...

* LILRA2 *

LILRA3 Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 3 (LILR-A3) also known as CD85 antigen-like family member E (CD85e), immunoglobulin-like transcript 6 (ILT-6), and leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor 4 (LIR-4) is a protein that in huma ...

* LILRA4 * LILRA5 * LILRA6 *

LILRB1 Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LILRB1'' gene. Function This gene is a member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR) family, which is found in a gene clu ...

LILRB2 Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LILRB2'' gene. This gene is a member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR) family, which is found in a gene cluster at chr ...

LILRB3 Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LILRB3'' gene. This gene is a member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR) family, which is found in a gene cluster at chrom ...

* LILRB4 *

LILRB5 Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LILRB5'' gene. This gene is a member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor The leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILR) ar ...

* LILRB6 or LILRA6 * LILRB7 or LILRA5 A subset of LILR recognise MHC class I (also known as HLA class I in humans). The LILR family is a cluster of

paired receptors Paired receptors are pairs or clusters of receptor proteins that bind to extracellular ligands but have opposing activating and inhibitory signaling effects. Traditionally, paired receptors are defined as homologous pairs with similar extracell ...

with both activating and inhibitory functions. Of these, the inhibitory receptors

and

show a broad specificity for classical and non-classical MHC alleles with preferential binding to b2m-associated complexes. In contrast, the activating receptors LILRA1 and

prefer b2m-independent free heavy chains of MHC class I, and in particular

HLA-C HLA-C belongs to the MHC (human = HLA) class I heavy chain receptors. The C receptor is a heterodimer consisting of a HLA-C mature gene product and β2-microglobulin. The mature C chain is anchored in the membrane. MHC Class I molecules, like HL ...

alleles.

References

Immunoglobulin superfamily {{immunology-stub

See also

References